According to the grammaticalized degree of t(?) s semantic, we distinguish between empty reference and empty usage.
本文考查了“他”字的虚指用法,并根据“他”语义的语法化程度将其区分为虚指和虚用两种类型。
English expletives, there and it, play a crucial role in syntactic derivations, although they contribute little, if any, to meaning conveyance.
英语的虚指词it和there虽然对于意义的传达无重大影响,但在句法推导中却非常重要。